Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.
Raj, P. Purushothama.
Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (841 pages)
Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Soil Formation and Composition -- Chapter Highlights -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Origin of Soils -- 1.3 Types of Weathering -- 1.3.1 Physical Weathering -- 1.3.2 Chemical Weathering -- 1.4 Soil Formation -- 1.4.1 Residual Soils -- 1.4.2 Transported Soils -- 1.4.3 Desiccated Soils -- 1.5 Major Soil Deposits of India -- 1.5.1 Marine Deposits -- 1.5.2 Black Cotton Soils -- 1.5.3 Laterites and Lateritic Soils -- 1.5.4 Alluvial Deposits -- 1.5.5 Desert Soils -- 1.6 Components of Soils -- 1.6.1 Solid Phase -- 1.6.2 Liquid Phase -- 1.6.3 Gaseous Phase -- 1.7 Particle Sizes and Shapes -- 1.7.1 Particle Size -- 1.7.2 Particle Shape -- 1.8 Inter-Particle Forces -- 1.9 Soil Minerals -- 1.9.1 Clay Minerals -- 1.9.2 Framework Silicate Minerals -- 1.10 Soil-Water System -- 1.11 Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Clays -- 1.11.1 Characteristics of Electrolytes -- 1.11.2 Electrochemical Characteristics -- 1.11.3 Characteristics of Bacteria -- 1.11.4 Electrokinetic Phenomena -- 1.11.5 Characteristics of Heat -- 1.12 Soil Structure -- 1.12.1 Structure of Granular Soils -- 1.12.2 Structure of Cohesive Soils -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Chapter 2: Index Properties of Soils -- Chapter Highlights -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Three-Phase System -- 2.2.1 Void Ratio (e) -- 2.2.2 Porosity (n) -- 2.2.3 Degree of Saturation (Sr) -- 2.2.4 Air Void Ratio (Av) or Air Content -- 2.2.5 Specific Gravity of Soil Solids (G) -- 2.2.6 Water Content (w) or Moisture Content -- 2.2.7 Soil Densities -- 2.2.8 Unit Weights -- 2.2.9 Density Index (ID) -- 2.3 Particle-Size Analysis -- 2.3.1 Sieve Analysis -- 2.3.2 Sedimentation Analysis -- 2.3.3 Grain-Size Distribution Curves -- 2.4 Consistency of Soils -- 2.4.1 Atterberg Limits -- 2.4.2 Activity of Clays -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems. Chapter 3: Identification and Classification of Soils -- Chapter Highlights -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Field Identification of Soils -- 3.2.1 Coarse-grained soils -- 3.2.2 Fine-grained soils -- 3.3 Engineering Classification of Soils -- 3.3.1 Purpose of Classification Systems -- 3.3.2 Unified Soil Classification System -- 3.3.3 Indian Soil Classification System -- 3.3.4 AASHTO Soil Classification System -- 3.3.5 Textural Soil Classification System -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 4: Compaction of Soils -- Chapter Highlights -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Principles of Compaction -- 4.3 Compactive Effort -- 4.4 Laboratory Compaction -- 4.4.1 Standard Proctor Test -- 4.4.2 Modified Proctor Test -- 4.4.3 Indian Standard Compaction Tests -- 4.5 Field Compaction and Equipment -- 4.6 Compaction Specification and Control -- 4.6.1 Specification -- 4.6.2 Field Control -- 4.7 Factors Affecting Compaction -- 4.7.1 Effect of Moisture Content -- 4.7.2 Effect of Compactive Effort -- 4.7.3 Effect of Type of Soil -- 4.7.4 Effect of Method of Compaction -- 4.8 Effect of Compaction on Soil Structure -- 4.9 Compaction Behaviour of Sand -- 4.10 California Bearing Ratio Test -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 5: Permeability and Capillarity -- Chapter Highlights -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Water Flow -- 5.3 Darcy's Law -- 5.4 Range of Validity of Darcian Flow -- 5.5 Laboratory Permeability Tests -- 5.5.1 Constant Head Permeameter -- 5.5.2 Falling Head Permeameter -- 5.6 Field Permeability Tests -- 5.6.1 Unconfined Flow Pumping Out Test -- 5.6.2 Confined Flow Pumping Out Test -- 5.7 Permeability of Stratified Soils -- 5.7.1 Horizontal Flow -- 5.7.2 Vertical Flow -- 5.8 Values of Permeability -- 5.9 Factors Affecting Permeability -- 5.9.1 Soil Characteristics. 5.9.2 Pore Fluid Characteristics -- 5.10 Surface Tension -- 5.11 Capillary Phenomenon in Soils -- 5.12 Shrinkage and Swelling of Soils -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 6: Seepage -- Chapter Highlights -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Seepage Forces -- 6.3 General Flow Equation -- 6.4 Significance of Laplace's Equation -- 6.5 Properties and Applications of Flow Nets -- 6.5.1 Properties -- 6.5.2 Applications -- 6.6 Construction of Flow Net -- 6.6.1 Boundary Conditions -- 6.6.2 Construction Methods -- 6.7 Anisotropic Soil Conditions -- 6.8 Non-Homogeneous Soil Conditions -- 6.9 Piping -- 6.10 Design of Filters -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 7: Stress and Stress Distribution in Soil -- Chapter Highlights -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Stresses at a Point -- 7.3 Mohr's Circle -- 7.4 Stress Paths -- 7.5 Effective Stress Concept -- 7.5.1 Dry Soil -- 7.5.2 Saturated Soil -- 7.5.3 Partially Saturated Soil -- 7.6 Geostatic Stresses -- 7.6.1 Case 1 - Soil Entirely Dry -- 7.6.2 Case 2 - Moist Soil -- 7.6.3 Case 3 - Completely Submerged Soil with Water Table at Ground Surface -- 7.6.4 Case 4 - Completely Saturated by Capacity Action Above Water Table But No Flow -- 7.6.5 Case 5 - Same as Condition 4 Except that the Height of Capillary Rise Is Less than z -- 7.7 Stresses Due to Surface Loads -- 7.7.1 Elastic Half-Space -- 7.7.2 Elastic Properties of Soil -- 7.7.3 Boussinesq's Theory -- 7.7.4 Pressure Distribution Diagrams -- 7.7.5 Westergaard Equation -- 7.7.6 Types of Surface Loads -- 7.7.7 Contact Pressure -- 7.7.8 Validity of Elastic Theory Application -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 8: Consolidation and Consolidation Settlement -- Chapter Highlights -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Rheological Models of Soils. 8.3 Compressibility of Soils -- 8.4 One-Dimensional Consolidation -- 8.5 Consolidation test -- 8.6 Compressibility Characteristics -- 8.6.1 Pressure-Void Ratio Curves -- 8.6.2 Compression Index -- 8.6.3 Coefficient of Compressibility -- 8.6.4 Coefficient of Volume Compressibility -- 8.6.5 Degree of Consolidation -- 8.7 Types of Clay Deposits -- 8.7.1 Normally Consolidated Clay -- 8.7.2 Over-consolidated Clay -- 8.7.3 Under-consolidated Clay -- 8.8 Prediction of Pre-Consolidated Pressure -- 8.9 Rate of Consolidation -- 8.9.1 Terzaghi's Theory of One-Dimensional Consolidation -- 8.9.2 Time Factor -- 8.9.3 Determination of Coefficient of Consolidation -- 8.10 Secondary Compression -- 8.11 Consolidation Settlement and its Rates -- 8.11.1 Consolidation Settlement -- 8.11.2 Construction Period Correction -- 8.11.3 Settlement Due to Secondary Compression -- 8.11.4 Predicting the Rate of Settlement -- 8.12 Acceleration of Consolidation by Sand Drains -- 8.13 Compressibility of Sands -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 9: Shear Strength of Soils -- Chapter Highlights -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Stress-Strain Curve -- 9.3 Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion -- 9.4 Peak and Residual Shear Strengths -- 9.5 Laboratory Measurement of Shear Strength -- 9.5.1 Drainage Condition -- 9.5.2 Shear- and Strain-Controlled Tests -- 9.5.3 Direct Shear Test -- 9.5.4 Reversal Direct Shear Test -- 9.5.5 Triaxial Shear Test -- 9.5.6 Unconfined Compression Test -- 9.5.7 Ring Shear Test -- 9.5.8 Choice of Rate of Deformation -- 9.6 Field Measurement of Shear Strength -- 9.6.1 Vane Shear Test -- 9.6.2 Borehole Shear Device -- 9.7 Shear Strength of Saturated Cohesive Soils -- 9.7.1 Undrained Strength -- 9.7.2 Consolidated-Undrained Strength -- 9.7.3 Strength in Terms of Effective Stresses -- 9.8 Pore Pressure Coefficients -- 9.8.1 Theory. 9.8.2 Measurement of Pore Pressure Coefficients -- 9.8.3 Application of Pore Pressure Coefficients -- 9.9 Sensitivity of Cohesive Soils -- 9.10 Thixotrophy of Clays -- 9.11 Shear Strength of Granular Soils -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 10: Laboratory Measurement of Soil Properties -- Chapter Highlights -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Test No. 1: Preparation of Dry Soil Samples for Various Tests -- 10.3 Test No. 2: Specific Gravity of Soil Solids -- 10.4 Test No. 3: Water Content Determination by Oven-Drying Method -- 10.5 Test No. 4: In-Place Dry Density of Soil by Core-Cutter Method -- 10.6 Test No. 5: In-Place Dry Density of Soil by the Sand Replacement Method -- 10.7 Test No. 6: Grain-Size Distribution by Sieve Analysis -- 10.8 Test No. 7: Grain-Size Distribution by Pipette Method -- 10.9 Test No. 8: Grain-Size Distribution by the Hydrometer Method -- 10.10 Test No. 9: Liquid Limit of Soil -- 10.11 Test No. 10: Plastic Limit of Soil -- 10.12 Test No. 11: Shrinkage Factors of Soil -- 10.13 Test No. 12: Linear Shrinkage of Soil -- 10.14 Test No. 13: Permeability Test -- 10.15 Test No. 14: Free Swell Index of Soils -- 10.16 Test No. 15: Moisture Content - Dry Density Relationship (Standard Proctor Compaction Test) -- 10.17 Test No. 16: Density Index of Non-Cohesive Soils -- 10.18 Test No. 17: Consolidation Test -- 10.19 Test No. 18: Unconfined Compression Test -- 10.20 Test No. 19: Direct Shear Test -- 10.21 Test No. 20: Triaxial Shear Test -- 10.22 Test No. 21: California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Chapter 11: Lateral Earth Pressure -- Chapter Highlights -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Limit Analysis and Limit Equilibrium Methods -- 11.3 Earth Pressure at Rest -- 11.4 Rankine's States of Plastic Equilibrium -- 11.5 Rankine's Earth Pressure Theory. 11.5.1 Effect of Level Backfill Surface.
Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering deals with its principles in an elegant, yet simplified, manner in this text. It presents all the material required for a firm background in the subject, reinforcing theoretical aspects with sound practical applications. The study of soil behaviour is made lucid through precise treatment of the factors that influence it.
9789332511729
Electronic books.
624.15136
Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (841 pages)
Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Soil Formation and Composition -- Chapter Highlights -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Origin of Soils -- 1.3 Types of Weathering -- 1.3.1 Physical Weathering -- 1.3.2 Chemical Weathering -- 1.4 Soil Formation -- 1.4.1 Residual Soils -- 1.4.2 Transported Soils -- 1.4.3 Desiccated Soils -- 1.5 Major Soil Deposits of India -- 1.5.1 Marine Deposits -- 1.5.2 Black Cotton Soils -- 1.5.3 Laterites and Lateritic Soils -- 1.5.4 Alluvial Deposits -- 1.5.5 Desert Soils -- 1.6 Components of Soils -- 1.6.1 Solid Phase -- 1.6.2 Liquid Phase -- 1.6.3 Gaseous Phase -- 1.7 Particle Sizes and Shapes -- 1.7.1 Particle Size -- 1.7.2 Particle Shape -- 1.8 Inter-Particle Forces -- 1.9 Soil Minerals -- 1.9.1 Clay Minerals -- 1.9.2 Framework Silicate Minerals -- 1.10 Soil-Water System -- 1.11 Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Clays -- 1.11.1 Characteristics of Electrolytes -- 1.11.2 Electrochemical Characteristics -- 1.11.3 Characteristics of Bacteria -- 1.11.4 Electrokinetic Phenomena -- 1.11.5 Characteristics of Heat -- 1.12 Soil Structure -- 1.12.1 Structure of Granular Soils -- 1.12.2 Structure of Cohesive Soils -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Chapter 2: Index Properties of Soils -- Chapter Highlights -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Three-Phase System -- 2.2.1 Void Ratio (e) -- 2.2.2 Porosity (n) -- 2.2.3 Degree of Saturation (Sr) -- 2.2.4 Air Void Ratio (Av) or Air Content -- 2.2.5 Specific Gravity of Soil Solids (G) -- 2.2.6 Water Content (w) or Moisture Content -- 2.2.7 Soil Densities -- 2.2.8 Unit Weights -- 2.2.9 Density Index (ID) -- 2.3 Particle-Size Analysis -- 2.3.1 Sieve Analysis -- 2.3.2 Sedimentation Analysis -- 2.3.3 Grain-Size Distribution Curves -- 2.4 Consistency of Soils -- 2.4.1 Atterberg Limits -- 2.4.2 Activity of Clays -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems. Chapter 3: Identification and Classification of Soils -- Chapter Highlights -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Field Identification of Soils -- 3.2.1 Coarse-grained soils -- 3.2.2 Fine-grained soils -- 3.3 Engineering Classification of Soils -- 3.3.1 Purpose of Classification Systems -- 3.3.2 Unified Soil Classification System -- 3.3.3 Indian Soil Classification System -- 3.3.4 AASHTO Soil Classification System -- 3.3.5 Textural Soil Classification System -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 4: Compaction of Soils -- Chapter Highlights -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Principles of Compaction -- 4.3 Compactive Effort -- 4.4 Laboratory Compaction -- 4.4.1 Standard Proctor Test -- 4.4.2 Modified Proctor Test -- 4.4.3 Indian Standard Compaction Tests -- 4.5 Field Compaction and Equipment -- 4.6 Compaction Specification and Control -- 4.6.1 Specification -- 4.6.2 Field Control -- 4.7 Factors Affecting Compaction -- 4.7.1 Effect of Moisture Content -- 4.7.2 Effect of Compactive Effort -- 4.7.3 Effect of Type of Soil -- 4.7.4 Effect of Method of Compaction -- 4.8 Effect of Compaction on Soil Structure -- 4.9 Compaction Behaviour of Sand -- 4.10 California Bearing Ratio Test -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 5: Permeability and Capillarity -- Chapter Highlights -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Water Flow -- 5.3 Darcy's Law -- 5.4 Range of Validity of Darcian Flow -- 5.5 Laboratory Permeability Tests -- 5.5.1 Constant Head Permeameter -- 5.5.2 Falling Head Permeameter -- 5.6 Field Permeability Tests -- 5.6.1 Unconfined Flow Pumping Out Test -- 5.6.2 Confined Flow Pumping Out Test -- 5.7 Permeability of Stratified Soils -- 5.7.1 Horizontal Flow -- 5.7.2 Vertical Flow -- 5.8 Values of Permeability -- 5.9 Factors Affecting Permeability -- 5.9.1 Soil Characteristics. 5.9.2 Pore Fluid Characteristics -- 5.10 Surface Tension -- 5.11 Capillary Phenomenon in Soils -- 5.12 Shrinkage and Swelling of Soils -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 6: Seepage -- Chapter Highlights -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Seepage Forces -- 6.3 General Flow Equation -- 6.4 Significance of Laplace's Equation -- 6.5 Properties and Applications of Flow Nets -- 6.5.1 Properties -- 6.5.2 Applications -- 6.6 Construction of Flow Net -- 6.6.1 Boundary Conditions -- 6.6.2 Construction Methods -- 6.7 Anisotropic Soil Conditions -- 6.8 Non-Homogeneous Soil Conditions -- 6.9 Piping -- 6.10 Design of Filters -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 7: Stress and Stress Distribution in Soil -- Chapter Highlights -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Stresses at a Point -- 7.3 Mohr's Circle -- 7.4 Stress Paths -- 7.5 Effective Stress Concept -- 7.5.1 Dry Soil -- 7.5.2 Saturated Soil -- 7.5.3 Partially Saturated Soil -- 7.6 Geostatic Stresses -- 7.6.1 Case 1 - Soil Entirely Dry -- 7.6.2 Case 2 - Moist Soil -- 7.6.3 Case 3 - Completely Submerged Soil with Water Table at Ground Surface -- 7.6.4 Case 4 - Completely Saturated by Capacity Action Above Water Table But No Flow -- 7.6.5 Case 5 - Same as Condition 4 Except that the Height of Capillary Rise Is Less than z -- 7.7 Stresses Due to Surface Loads -- 7.7.1 Elastic Half-Space -- 7.7.2 Elastic Properties of Soil -- 7.7.3 Boussinesq's Theory -- 7.7.4 Pressure Distribution Diagrams -- 7.7.5 Westergaard Equation -- 7.7.6 Types of Surface Loads -- 7.7.7 Contact Pressure -- 7.7.8 Validity of Elastic Theory Application -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 8: Consolidation and Consolidation Settlement -- Chapter Highlights -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Rheological Models of Soils. 8.3 Compressibility of Soils -- 8.4 One-Dimensional Consolidation -- 8.5 Consolidation test -- 8.6 Compressibility Characteristics -- 8.6.1 Pressure-Void Ratio Curves -- 8.6.2 Compression Index -- 8.6.3 Coefficient of Compressibility -- 8.6.4 Coefficient of Volume Compressibility -- 8.6.5 Degree of Consolidation -- 8.7 Types of Clay Deposits -- 8.7.1 Normally Consolidated Clay -- 8.7.2 Over-consolidated Clay -- 8.7.3 Under-consolidated Clay -- 8.8 Prediction of Pre-Consolidated Pressure -- 8.9 Rate of Consolidation -- 8.9.1 Terzaghi's Theory of One-Dimensional Consolidation -- 8.9.2 Time Factor -- 8.9.3 Determination of Coefficient of Consolidation -- 8.10 Secondary Compression -- 8.11 Consolidation Settlement and its Rates -- 8.11.1 Consolidation Settlement -- 8.11.2 Construction Period Correction -- 8.11.3 Settlement Due to Secondary Compression -- 8.11.4 Predicting the Rate of Settlement -- 8.12 Acceleration of Consolidation by Sand Drains -- 8.13 Compressibility of Sands -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 9: Shear Strength of Soils -- Chapter Highlights -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Stress-Strain Curve -- 9.3 Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion -- 9.4 Peak and Residual Shear Strengths -- 9.5 Laboratory Measurement of Shear Strength -- 9.5.1 Drainage Condition -- 9.5.2 Shear- and Strain-Controlled Tests -- 9.5.3 Direct Shear Test -- 9.5.4 Reversal Direct Shear Test -- 9.5.5 Triaxial Shear Test -- 9.5.6 Unconfined Compression Test -- 9.5.7 Ring Shear Test -- 9.5.8 Choice of Rate of Deformation -- 9.6 Field Measurement of Shear Strength -- 9.6.1 Vane Shear Test -- 9.6.2 Borehole Shear Device -- 9.7 Shear Strength of Saturated Cohesive Soils -- 9.7.1 Undrained Strength -- 9.7.2 Consolidated-Undrained Strength -- 9.7.3 Strength in Terms of Effective Stresses -- 9.8 Pore Pressure Coefficients -- 9.8.1 Theory. 9.8.2 Measurement of Pore Pressure Coefficients -- 9.8.3 Application of Pore Pressure Coefficients -- 9.9 Sensitivity of Cohesive Soils -- 9.10 Thixotrophy of Clays -- 9.11 Shear Strength of Granular Soils -- Worked Examples -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 10: Laboratory Measurement of Soil Properties -- Chapter Highlights -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Test No. 1: Preparation of Dry Soil Samples for Various Tests -- 10.3 Test No. 2: Specific Gravity of Soil Solids -- 10.4 Test No. 3: Water Content Determination by Oven-Drying Method -- 10.5 Test No. 4: In-Place Dry Density of Soil by Core-Cutter Method -- 10.6 Test No. 5: In-Place Dry Density of Soil by the Sand Replacement Method -- 10.7 Test No. 6: Grain-Size Distribution by Sieve Analysis -- 10.8 Test No. 7: Grain-Size Distribution by Pipette Method -- 10.9 Test No. 8: Grain-Size Distribution by the Hydrometer Method -- 10.10 Test No. 9: Liquid Limit of Soil -- 10.11 Test No. 10: Plastic Limit of Soil -- 10.12 Test No. 11: Shrinkage Factors of Soil -- 10.13 Test No. 12: Linear Shrinkage of Soil -- 10.14 Test No. 13: Permeability Test -- 10.15 Test No. 14: Free Swell Index of Soils -- 10.16 Test No. 15: Moisture Content - Dry Density Relationship (Standard Proctor Compaction Test) -- 10.17 Test No. 16: Density Index of Non-Cohesive Soils -- 10.18 Test No. 17: Consolidation Test -- 10.19 Test No. 18: Unconfined Compression Test -- 10.20 Test No. 19: Direct Shear Test -- 10.21 Test No. 20: Triaxial Shear Test -- 10.22 Test No. 21: California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test -- Points to Remember -- Questions -- Chapter 11: Lateral Earth Pressure -- Chapter Highlights -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Limit Analysis and Limit Equilibrium Methods -- 11.3 Earth Pressure at Rest -- 11.4 Rankine's States of Plastic Equilibrium -- 11.5 Rankine's Earth Pressure Theory. 11.5.1 Effect of Level Backfill Surface.
Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering deals with its principles in an elegant, yet simplified, manner in this text. It presents all the material required for a firm background in the subject, reinforcing theoretical aspects with sound practical applications. The study of soil behaviour is made lucid through precise treatment of the factors that influence it.
9789332511729
Electronic books.
624.15136