Cellular Mobile Communication.
Rao, Gottapu Sasibhushana.
Cellular Mobile Communication. - 0 - 1 online resource (936 pages)
Cover -- Contents -- About the Author -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Mobile and Cellular Communication Systems -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Generations of Wireless Mobile Systems -- 1.2.1 First Generation (1G) -- 1.2.2 Second Generation (2G) -- 1.2.3 Interim Generation (2.5G) -- 1.2.4 Third Generation (3G) -- 1.2.5 Fourth Generation (4G) -- 1.3 Cellular Geometry -- 1.3.1 Cell Shapes -- 1.4 Introduction to Cellular concept -- 1.4.1 Frequency Reuse -- 1.4.2 Handoff -- 1.4.2.1 Types of Handoff -- 1.4.2.2 Handoff Strategies -- 1.4.3 Co-channel Interference -- 1.4.4 Cell Splitting -- 1.5 Principle of Operation of a Cellular Mobile System -- 1.5.1 Components of a Cellular Mobile Network -- 1.5.2 Common Air Interface -- 1.6 Call Transfer Operation from One Mobile Phone to another -- 1.6.1 The Duplex Concept -- 1.6.2 Control and Voice Channels -- 1.6.3 Operation of One Mobile Phone Placing a Call to Another Mobile Phone -- 1.6.4 Operation that Takes Place when a Mobile Station Receives an Incoming Call -- 1.7 Multiple Access Schemes -- 1.8 Analogue and Digital Cellular Mobile Systems -- 1.8.1 Analogue Cellular Mobile Radio Systems (AMPS) -- 1.8.2 Digital Cellular Mobile Radio Systems -- 1.8.2.1 Global System for Mobile communications -- 1.8.2.2 CDMA or (IS-95) -- 1.9 Existing Mobile Communication Technologies and Current Status -- 1.9.1 Paging -- 1.9.2 Communication Satellites -- 1.9.3 Wireless Local Loop (WLL) -- 1.9.4 Personal Handy Phone -- 1.9.5 Mobile Radio -- 1.9.6 Cordless Phones -- 1.9.7 DECT -- 1.9.8 Bluetooth -- 1.9.9 Current Status of Cellular Radio -- 1.10 Summary -- Review Questions -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2: Cellular Geometry, Frequency Reuse, Cell Splitting, and Sectoring -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Cellular Geometry -- 2.2.1 Circular Geometry. 2.2.2 Polygonal Geometry -- 2.2.3 Location of Antenna to Cover Cellular Region -- 2.3 Frequency Reuse -- 2.3.1 Cellular System Capacity and Frequency Reuse for a Cluster Size of "N" with Each Cell Allocated a Group of "K" Channels -- 2.3.2 Spectrum Efficiency and Propagation Path Loss -- 2.3.3 Frequency Reuse Factor -- 2.3.4 Relationship Between Frequency Reuse Factor (D/R) and Cluster Size (N) -- 2.3.4.1 Method of locating co-channel cells -- 2.3.4.2 Establishment of relationship between D, d and shift parameters (i and j) -- 2.3.4.3 Establishment of relationship between D, R, and N -- 2.3.4.4 Relationship between area of a hexagon, number of cells in a large hexagon, and N -- 2.3.4.5 Important conclusions from Equation (2.14) -- 2.3.5 The key trade-offs -- 2.4 Improving coverage and Capacity in Cellular systems -- 2.5 Cell Splitting -- 2.6 Sectoring -- 2.7 Range Extension by the Use of Repeaters -- 2.8 Microcell Zone Concept -- 2.8.1 Advantages of Microcell Zone Concept -- 2.9 Picocell Zone Concept -- 2.10 Summary -- Review Questions -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Key Equations -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3: Elements of Cellular Radio System Design -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Concept of Frequency Reuse Channels -- 3.2.1 Frequency Reuse Schemes -- 3.2.2 Number of Customers in the System -- 3.3 Co-channel Interference -- 3.3.1 Co-channel Interference Reduction Factor -- 3.3.2 Relation Between co-channel Reduction Ractor and Frequency Reuse Factor -- 3.4 Desired C/I from Normal Case in an Omnidirectional antenna System -- 3.4.1 Analytic Solution -- 3.5 Cellular System Design in Worst-case Scenario with an Omnidirectional Antenna -- 3.6 Cell Splitting -- 3.6.1 Types of Cellular Networks -- 3.6.1.1 Macrocellular Radio Networks -- 3.6.1.2 Microcellular Radio Networks -- 3.6.1.3 Picocellular Radio Networks. 3.6.1.4 Nanocellular Radio Networks -- 3.7 Challenges in Cell Splitting -- 3.7.1 Overlaid Cell Concept -- 3.8 Consideration of the Components of the Cellular System -- 3.8.1 Antennas -- 3.8.2 Switching Equipment -- 3.8.3 Data Links -- 3.9 Summary -- Review Questions -- Review Questions -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Key Equations -- Further Reading -- Chapter 4: Interference -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Types of Interferences -- 4.3 Co-channel Interference Areas in a System -- 4.3.1 To Find the co-channel Interference Area from a Mobile Receiver -- 4.3.2 To Find the Co-channel Interference Area which Affects a Cell Site -- 4.4 Estimation of Co-channel Interference Level -- 4.5 Real-time Co-channel Interference Measurement -- 4.6 Diversity Receiver -- 4.7 Non-co-channel Interference -- 4.7.1 Adjacent-channel Interference -- 4.7.1.1 Next-channel Interference -- 4.7.1.2 Neighbouring-channel Interference -- 4.7.1.3 Transmitting and receiving channels Interference -- 4.7.2 Near-end to far-end ratio Interference -- 4.7.2.1 In one Cell -- 4.7.2.2 In Cells of two Systems -- 4.8 Estimation of Adjacent-channel Interference Levels -- 4.9 Summary -- Review Questions -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Key Equations -- Further Reading -- Chapter 5: Co-Channel Interference Models and Reduction -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Geographical and Statistical Models -- 5.2.1 General Features of the Geographical Models -- 5.2.2 General Features of the Statistical Models -- 5.3 Interference Models -- 5.3.1 Geographical Model with One Interferer -- 5.3.2 Geographical Model with Six Interferers -- 5.3.3 Geographical Model with Several Tiers of Interferers -- 5.3.4 Fading Only Statistical Model -- 5.3.5 Shadowing Only Statistical Model -- 5.3.6 Fading and Shadowing Statistical Model. 5.4 Reduction of Co-channel Interference -- 5.4.1 By Using a Notch in the Tilted Antenna Pattern -- 5.4.2 Using an Adaptive Antenna -- 5.4.3 Spatial Filtering for Interference Reduction -- 5.5 Summary -- Review Questions -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Key Equations -- Further Reading -- Chapter 6: Teletraffic Engineering, Trunking, GoS, and Operational Techniques -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Objectives of Teletraffic Engineering -- 6.3 Concepts of Trunking and Blocking -- 6.4 Call Capacity -- 6.4.1 Global View -- 6.4.2 Component View -- 6.5 Grade of Service (GoS) -- 6.6 Blocking Probability Formulas -- 6.6.1 Erlang B Formula -- 6.6.2 Poisson's Formula -- 6.6.3 Erlang C Formula -- 6.6.4 Comparison of Erlang B and Poisson's Formulas -- 6.7 Operational Techniques and Technologies -- 6.7.1 Adjusting System Parameters -- 6.7.1.1 Increasing the Coverage for a Noise-limited System -- 6.7.1.2 Reducing the Interference -- 6.7.1.3 Increasing the Traffic Capacity -- 6.7.2 Coverage-hole Filler -- 6.7.2.1 Enhancers (Repeaters) -- 6.7.2.2 Passive Reflector -- 6.7.2.3 Diversity -- 6.7.2.4 Co-phase Technique -- 6.7.3 Leaky Feeder -- 6.7.4 Cell Splitting -- 6.7.4.1 Permanent Splitting -- 6.7.4.2 Dynamic Splitting -- 6.7.5 Small Cells (Microcells) -- 6.7.6 Narrow Beam Concept -- 6.8 Summary -- Review Questions -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Key Equations -- Further reading -- Chapter 7: Basic Antenna Theory -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Basics of Antennas -- 7.2.1 Radiation Pattern -- 7.2.2 Directivity -- 7.2.3 Polarization -- 7.2.4 Impedance -- 7.3 Other Important Antenna Parameters -- 7.3.1 Resonant Frequency -- 7.3.2 Gain -- 7.3.3 Bandwidth -- 7.3.4 Reciprocity -- 7.3.5 Effective Area -- 7.3.6 Beamwidth -- 7.3.7 Efficiency -- 7.4 Antenna Arrays -- 7.4.1 Broadside Versus end-fire Arrays. 7.4.2 End-fire Antenna -- 7.4.3 Parasitic Arrays -- 7.4.4 Driven Arrays -- 7.5 Summary -- Review Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Key Equations -- Further Reading -- Chapter 8: Mobile Antennas -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Principle of Basic Mobile Antenna -- 8.1.2 Performance Requirements -- 8.2 Antenna Fundamentals -- 8.2.1 Polarization -- 8.2.2 Propagation Pattern -- 8.2.3 Half-power-beam-width -- 8.2.4 Gain -- 8.2.5 Impedance -- 8.2.6 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio/return Loss -- 8.2.7 Mechanical Features -- 8.3 Types of Antennas -- 8.3.1 Monopole Antenna -- 8.3.2 Dipole -- 8.3.2.1 Ideal Half-wavelength Dipole -- 8.3.2.2 Folded Dipole -- 8.3.2.3 Hertzian Dipole (Current Element) -- 8.3.3 Horn Antennas -- 8.3.4 Loop Antennas -- 8.3.5 Helical Antennas -- 8.3.5.1 Helical Antenna for Global Positioning System -- 8.3.6 Patch Antennas -- 8.3.7 Aperture Antennas -- 8.3.8 Planar Inverted-L/F Antennas -- 8.3.9 Reflectors -- 8.4 Mean Effective Gain -- 8.5 Human Body Interactions and Specific Absorption rate -- 8.6 Mobile Satellite Antennas -- 8.6.1 Omni-directional, Near-hemispherical Radiation Pattern -- 8.6.2 Circular Polarization with Axial Ratio Close to Unity -- 8.6.3 Patch Antennas -- 8.7 Summary -- Review Questions -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Key Equations -- Further Reading -- Chapter 9: Cell-Site Antennas for Mobile Communication -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Base Station Antennas -- 9.1.1.1 Reciprocity -- 9.1.1.2 Frequency Bands -- 9.2 Cell-site Antennas -- 9.2.1 Omnidirectional Antennas -- 9.2.1.1 Ground Plane and skirt Antennas in Comparison -- 9.2.1.2 Design of Omnidirectional Antenna Cellular system -- 9.2.2 Directional Antennas -- 9.2.3 Base Station Antenna Series Omnis -- 9.2.3.1 Yagis -- 9.2.3.2 FB Series Omnis. 9.2.4 Antennas for Wireless LAN.
Mobile Cellular Communication covers all the important aspects of cellular and mobile communications from the Internet to signals, access protocols and cellular systems and is a self-sufficient resource with adequate stress on the principles that govern the behavior of mobile communication along with the applications. The book includes applications such as designing/planning/ installation and maintenance of cellular operators, I-FI, and WIMAX, ZIBEE, BLUETOOTH and GPRS networks. It also includes advanced technologies like CDMA 2000, WCDMA, 3G, 4G and beyond 4G and contains 160 examples and 540 exercises.
9788131798614
Electronic books.
621.38456
Cellular Mobile Communication. - 0 - 1 online resource (936 pages)
Cover -- Contents -- About the Author -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Mobile and Cellular Communication Systems -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Generations of Wireless Mobile Systems -- 1.2.1 First Generation (1G) -- 1.2.2 Second Generation (2G) -- 1.2.3 Interim Generation (2.5G) -- 1.2.4 Third Generation (3G) -- 1.2.5 Fourth Generation (4G) -- 1.3 Cellular Geometry -- 1.3.1 Cell Shapes -- 1.4 Introduction to Cellular concept -- 1.4.1 Frequency Reuse -- 1.4.2 Handoff -- 1.4.2.1 Types of Handoff -- 1.4.2.2 Handoff Strategies -- 1.4.3 Co-channel Interference -- 1.4.4 Cell Splitting -- 1.5 Principle of Operation of a Cellular Mobile System -- 1.5.1 Components of a Cellular Mobile Network -- 1.5.2 Common Air Interface -- 1.6 Call Transfer Operation from One Mobile Phone to another -- 1.6.1 The Duplex Concept -- 1.6.2 Control and Voice Channels -- 1.6.3 Operation of One Mobile Phone Placing a Call to Another Mobile Phone -- 1.6.4 Operation that Takes Place when a Mobile Station Receives an Incoming Call -- 1.7 Multiple Access Schemes -- 1.8 Analogue and Digital Cellular Mobile Systems -- 1.8.1 Analogue Cellular Mobile Radio Systems (AMPS) -- 1.8.2 Digital Cellular Mobile Radio Systems -- 1.8.2.1 Global System for Mobile communications -- 1.8.2.2 CDMA or (IS-95) -- 1.9 Existing Mobile Communication Technologies and Current Status -- 1.9.1 Paging -- 1.9.2 Communication Satellites -- 1.9.3 Wireless Local Loop (WLL) -- 1.9.4 Personal Handy Phone -- 1.9.5 Mobile Radio -- 1.9.6 Cordless Phones -- 1.9.7 DECT -- 1.9.8 Bluetooth -- 1.9.9 Current Status of Cellular Radio -- 1.10 Summary -- Review Questions -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2: Cellular Geometry, Frequency Reuse, Cell Splitting, and Sectoring -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Cellular Geometry -- 2.2.1 Circular Geometry. 2.2.2 Polygonal Geometry -- 2.2.3 Location of Antenna to Cover Cellular Region -- 2.3 Frequency Reuse -- 2.3.1 Cellular System Capacity and Frequency Reuse for a Cluster Size of "N" with Each Cell Allocated a Group of "K" Channels -- 2.3.2 Spectrum Efficiency and Propagation Path Loss -- 2.3.3 Frequency Reuse Factor -- 2.3.4 Relationship Between Frequency Reuse Factor (D/R) and Cluster Size (N) -- 2.3.4.1 Method of locating co-channel cells -- 2.3.4.2 Establishment of relationship between D, d and shift parameters (i and j) -- 2.3.4.3 Establishment of relationship between D, R, and N -- 2.3.4.4 Relationship between area of a hexagon, number of cells in a large hexagon, and N -- 2.3.4.5 Important conclusions from Equation (2.14) -- 2.3.5 The key trade-offs -- 2.4 Improving coverage and Capacity in Cellular systems -- 2.5 Cell Splitting -- 2.6 Sectoring -- 2.7 Range Extension by the Use of Repeaters -- 2.8 Microcell Zone Concept -- 2.8.1 Advantages of Microcell Zone Concept -- 2.9 Picocell Zone Concept -- 2.10 Summary -- Review Questions -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Key Equations -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3: Elements of Cellular Radio System Design -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Concept of Frequency Reuse Channels -- 3.2.1 Frequency Reuse Schemes -- 3.2.2 Number of Customers in the System -- 3.3 Co-channel Interference -- 3.3.1 Co-channel Interference Reduction Factor -- 3.3.2 Relation Between co-channel Reduction Ractor and Frequency Reuse Factor -- 3.4 Desired C/I from Normal Case in an Omnidirectional antenna System -- 3.4.1 Analytic Solution -- 3.5 Cellular System Design in Worst-case Scenario with an Omnidirectional Antenna -- 3.6 Cell Splitting -- 3.6.1 Types of Cellular Networks -- 3.6.1.1 Macrocellular Radio Networks -- 3.6.1.2 Microcellular Radio Networks -- 3.6.1.3 Picocellular Radio Networks. 3.6.1.4 Nanocellular Radio Networks -- 3.7 Challenges in Cell Splitting -- 3.7.1 Overlaid Cell Concept -- 3.8 Consideration of the Components of the Cellular System -- 3.8.1 Antennas -- 3.8.2 Switching Equipment -- 3.8.3 Data Links -- 3.9 Summary -- Review Questions -- Review Questions -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Key Equations -- Further Reading -- Chapter 4: Interference -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Types of Interferences -- 4.3 Co-channel Interference Areas in a System -- 4.3.1 To Find the co-channel Interference Area from a Mobile Receiver -- 4.3.2 To Find the Co-channel Interference Area which Affects a Cell Site -- 4.4 Estimation of Co-channel Interference Level -- 4.5 Real-time Co-channel Interference Measurement -- 4.6 Diversity Receiver -- 4.7 Non-co-channel Interference -- 4.7.1 Adjacent-channel Interference -- 4.7.1.1 Next-channel Interference -- 4.7.1.2 Neighbouring-channel Interference -- 4.7.1.3 Transmitting and receiving channels Interference -- 4.7.2 Near-end to far-end ratio Interference -- 4.7.2.1 In one Cell -- 4.7.2.2 In Cells of two Systems -- 4.8 Estimation of Adjacent-channel Interference Levels -- 4.9 Summary -- Review Questions -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Key Equations -- Further Reading -- Chapter 5: Co-Channel Interference Models and Reduction -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Geographical and Statistical Models -- 5.2.1 General Features of the Geographical Models -- 5.2.2 General Features of the Statistical Models -- 5.3 Interference Models -- 5.3.1 Geographical Model with One Interferer -- 5.3.2 Geographical Model with Six Interferers -- 5.3.3 Geographical Model with Several Tiers of Interferers -- 5.3.4 Fading Only Statistical Model -- 5.3.5 Shadowing Only Statistical Model -- 5.3.6 Fading and Shadowing Statistical Model. 5.4 Reduction of Co-channel Interference -- 5.4.1 By Using a Notch in the Tilted Antenna Pattern -- 5.4.2 Using an Adaptive Antenna -- 5.4.3 Spatial Filtering for Interference Reduction -- 5.5 Summary -- Review Questions -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Key Equations -- Further Reading -- Chapter 6: Teletraffic Engineering, Trunking, GoS, and Operational Techniques -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Objectives of Teletraffic Engineering -- 6.3 Concepts of Trunking and Blocking -- 6.4 Call Capacity -- 6.4.1 Global View -- 6.4.2 Component View -- 6.5 Grade of Service (GoS) -- 6.6 Blocking Probability Formulas -- 6.6.1 Erlang B Formula -- 6.6.2 Poisson's Formula -- 6.6.3 Erlang C Formula -- 6.6.4 Comparison of Erlang B and Poisson's Formulas -- 6.7 Operational Techniques and Technologies -- 6.7.1 Adjusting System Parameters -- 6.7.1.1 Increasing the Coverage for a Noise-limited System -- 6.7.1.2 Reducing the Interference -- 6.7.1.3 Increasing the Traffic Capacity -- 6.7.2 Coverage-hole Filler -- 6.7.2.1 Enhancers (Repeaters) -- 6.7.2.2 Passive Reflector -- 6.7.2.3 Diversity -- 6.7.2.4 Co-phase Technique -- 6.7.3 Leaky Feeder -- 6.7.4 Cell Splitting -- 6.7.4.1 Permanent Splitting -- 6.7.4.2 Dynamic Splitting -- 6.7.5 Small Cells (Microcells) -- 6.7.6 Narrow Beam Concept -- 6.8 Summary -- Review Questions -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Key Equations -- Further reading -- Chapter 7: Basic Antenna Theory -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Basics of Antennas -- 7.2.1 Radiation Pattern -- 7.2.2 Directivity -- 7.2.3 Polarization -- 7.2.4 Impedance -- 7.3 Other Important Antenna Parameters -- 7.3.1 Resonant Frequency -- 7.3.2 Gain -- 7.3.3 Bandwidth -- 7.3.4 Reciprocity -- 7.3.5 Effective Area -- 7.3.6 Beamwidth -- 7.3.7 Efficiency -- 7.4 Antenna Arrays -- 7.4.1 Broadside Versus end-fire Arrays. 7.4.2 End-fire Antenna -- 7.4.3 Parasitic Arrays -- 7.4.4 Driven Arrays -- 7.5 Summary -- Review Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Key Equations -- Further Reading -- Chapter 8: Mobile Antennas -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Principle of Basic Mobile Antenna -- 8.1.2 Performance Requirements -- 8.2 Antenna Fundamentals -- 8.2.1 Polarization -- 8.2.2 Propagation Pattern -- 8.2.3 Half-power-beam-width -- 8.2.4 Gain -- 8.2.5 Impedance -- 8.2.6 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio/return Loss -- 8.2.7 Mechanical Features -- 8.3 Types of Antennas -- 8.3.1 Monopole Antenna -- 8.3.2 Dipole -- 8.3.2.1 Ideal Half-wavelength Dipole -- 8.3.2.2 Folded Dipole -- 8.3.2.3 Hertzian Dipole (Current Element) -- 8.3.3 Horn Antennas -- 8.3.4 Loop Antennas -- 8.3.5 Helical Antennas -- 8.3.5.1 Helical Antenna for Global Positioning System -- 8.3.6 Patch Antennas -- 8.3.7 Aperture Antennas -- 8.3.8 Planar Inverted-L/F Antennas -- 8.3.9 Reflectors -- 8.4 Mean Effective Gain -- 8.5 Human Body Interactions and Specific Absorption rate -- 8.6 Mobile Satellite Antennas -- 8.6.1 Omni-directional, Near-hemispherical Radiation Pattern -- 8.6.2 Circular Polarization with Axial Ratio Close to Unity -- 8.6.3 Patch Antennas -- 8.7 Summary -- Review Questions -- Objective Type Questions and Answers -- Open Book Questions -- Key Equations -- Further Reading -- Chapter 9: Cell-Site Antennas for Mobile Communication -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Base Station Antennas -- 9.1.1.1 Reciprocity -- 9.1.1.2 Frequency Bands -- 9.2 Cell-site Antennas -- 9.2.1 Omnidirectional Antennas -- 9.2.1.1 Ground Plane and skirt Antennas in Comparison -- 9.2.1.2 Design of Omnidirectional Antenna Cellular system -- 9.2.2 Directional Antennas -- 9.2.3 Base Station Antenna Series Omnis -- 9.2.3.1 Yagis -- 9.2.3.2 FB Series Omnis. 9.2.4 Antennas for Wireless LAN.
Mobile Cellular Communication covers all the important aspects of cellular and mobile communications from the Internet to signals, access protocols and cellular systems and is a self-sufficient resource with adequate stress on the principles that govern the behavior of mobile communication along with the applications. The book includes applications such as designing/planning/ installation and maintenance of cellular operators, I-FI, and WIMAX, ZIBEE, BLUETOOTH and GPRS networks. It also includes advanced technologies like CDMA 2000, WCDMA, 3G, 4G and beyond 4G and contains 160 examples and 540 exercises.
9788131798614
Electronic books.
621.38456