Utilisation Of Electrical Energy.
Sivanagaraju, S.
Utilisation Of Electrical Energy. - 1 online resource (589 pages)
Cover -- Generation and Utilization of Electrical Energy -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Authors -- 1 Conventional Power Generation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Hydropower Generation -- 1.2.1 Hydrology -- 1.2.2 Stream flow, hydrographs, and flow-duration curves stream flow -- 1.2.3 Hydrographs -- 1.2.4 Mass curve -- 1.2.5 Advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric plants -- 1.2.6 Selection of site for hydroelectric plants -- 1.2.7 Water power equation -- 1.2.8 Classification of hydroelectric plants -- 1.2.9 Function of the various components in a hydroelectric generation system -- 1.2.10 Location of a hydroelectric station -- 1.2.11 Working principle of a hydroelectric plant -- 1.3 Thermal Power Stations -- 1.3.1 Principle of working of a thermal power station -- 1.3.2 Factors to be considered for locating a thermal plant -- 1.3.3 Schematic diagram of thermal power station -- 1.3.4 One-line diagram of thermal station indicating the various circuits -- 1.3.5 Types of boilers -- 1.3.6 Methods of firing boilers -- 1.3.7 Furnaces -- 1.3.8 Superheaters and reheaters -- 1.3.9 Steam turbines -- 1.3.10 Condensers -- 1.3.11 Cooling towers -- 1.3.12 Chimneys -- 1.4 Nuclear Power Generation -- 1.4.1 Working principle of a nuclear power station -- 1.4.2 Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power plants -- 1.4.3 Location of nuclear power station -- 1.4.4 Energy-mass relationship: Einstein's law -- 1.4.5 Mass defect and binding energy -- 1.4.6 Nuclear reaction -- 1.4.7 Nuclear fission -- 1.4.8 Nuclear chain reaction -- 1.4.9 Main parts of a nuclear rector and their function -- 1.4.10 Fuel materials for nuclear reactors (nuclear fuels) -- 1.4.11 Control of nuclear reactors -- 1.4.12 Classification of nuclear reactors -- 1.4.13 Commercial types of reactors -- 1.4.14 Boiling water reactor (BWR) -- 1.4.15 Gas-cooled reactor -- 1.4.16 Radiation. 1.4.17 Types of radiations -- 1.4.18 Radiation hazards -- 1.4.19 Shielding -- 1.5 Gas Power Generation -- 1.5.1 A simple gas turbine power plant -- 1.5.2 Applications of gas turbine plants -- 1.5.3 Advantages and disadvantages of gas turbine plants -- 1.6 Diesel Power Generation -- 1.6.1 Diesel engine power plant -- 1.6.2 Site selection for diesel power plants -- 1.6.3 Applications of diesel engine power plants -- 1.6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of diesel power plants -- Key Notes -- Short Questions and Answers -- Multiple-choice Questions -- Review Questions -- Answers -- 2 Non-conventional Power Generation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Generation of Electrical Power by Non-conventional Methods -- 2.3 Solar Energy -- 2.3.1 Solar energy collector -- 2.4 Point-focusing Collector -- 2.4.1 Photovoltaic cells or solar cells -- 2.4.2 Solar cell characteristics -- 2.4.3 Solar power generation -- 2.4.4 Advantages and disadvantages of solar power -- 2.4.5 Applications of solar energy -- 2.5 Wind Energy -- 2.5.1 Basic principle of wind energy conversion -- 2.5.2 Basic components of wind energy conversion plant -- 2.5.3 Types of wind mills -- 2.5.4 Site selection for wind energy conversion plant -- 2.5.5 Wind power generation -- 2.5.6 Advantages and disadvantages of wind power -- 2.5.7 Applications of wind energy -- 2.6 Tidal Power -- 2.6.1 Components of tidal power plant -- 2.6.2 Site selection of tidal power plant -- 2.6.3 Tidal power generation -- 2.6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of tidal power -- 2.7 Geothermal Power -- 2.7.1 Geothermal resources -- 2.7.2 Geothermal power generation -- 2.7.3 Advantages and disadvantages of geothermal power -- 2.7.4 Applications of geothermal energy -- 2.8 Biomass and Biogas -- 2.8.1 Biogas generation -- 2.8.2 Site selection of biogas plant -- 2.8.3 Advantages and disadvantages of biogas -- 2.9 MHD Generations. 2.9.1 MHD generation -- 2.9.2 Advantages and disadvantages of MHD power generation -- Key Notes -- Short Questions and Answers -- Multiple-choice Questions -- Review Questions -- Answers -- 3 Conservation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Load Curve -- 3.2.1 Load duration curve -- 3.2.2 Definition of terms and factors -- 3.3 Cost of Electrical Energy -- 3.3.1 Cost of generation station -- 3.3.2 Annual cost -- 3.3.3 Factors influencing the formulation of tariff -- 3.3.4 Factors to be considered in fixing up the tariff -- 3.3.5 Types of tariffs -- 3.4 Need for Electrical Energy Conservation-Methods -- 3.4.1 Energy efficient equipment -- 3.4.2 Energy management -- 3.4.3 Energy auditing -- 3.5 Power Factor Improvement -- 3.5.1 Causes of low power factor -- 3.5.2 Effects or disadvantages of low power factor -- 3.5.3 Advantages of power factor improvement -- 3.5.4 Methods of improving power factor -- 3.5.5 Most economical power factor when the kW demand is constant -- 3.5.6 Most economical power factor when the kVA maximum demand is constant -- 3.6 Concept of Distributed Generation -- 3.7 Deregulation -- 3.8 Need for Restructuring -- 3.8.1 Motivation for restructuring the power industry -- Key Notes -- Short Questions and Answers -- Multiple-choice Questions -- Review Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Answers -- 4 Electric Heating -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Advantages of Electric Heating -- 4.3 Modes of Transfer of Heat -- 4.3.1 Conduction -- 4.3.2 Convection -- 4.3.3 Radiation -- 4.4 Essential Requirements of Good Heating Element -- 4.5 Material for Heating Elements -- 4.6 Causes of Failure of Heating Elements -- 4.6.1 Formation of hotspots -- 4.6.2 Oxidation and intermittency of operation -- 4.6.3 Embrittlement causing grain growth -- 4.6.4 Contamination and corrosion -- 4.7 Design of Heating Elements -- 4.8 Methods of Electric Heating -- 4.9 Resistance Heating. 4.9.1 Direct resistance heating -- 4.9.2 Indirect resistance heating -- 4.9.3 Infrared or radiant heating -- 4.10 Temperature Control of Resistance Heating -- 4.11 Arc Heating -- 4.11.1 Electrodes used in the arc furnaces -- 4.11.2 Types of arc furnaces -- 4.11.3 Power supply and control of arc furnace -- 4.12 High-frequency Heating -- 4.13 Induction Heating -- 4.13.1 Core type furnace -- 4.13.2 Coreless type induction furnace -- 4.14 Dielectric Heating -- Key Notes -- Short Questions and Answers -- Multiple-choice Questions -- Review Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Answers -- 5 Electric Welding -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Welding -- 5.3 Electric Welding -- 5.4 Resistance Welding -- 5.4.1 Types of resistance welding -- 5.5 Choice of Welding Time -- 5.6 Electric Arc Welding -- 5.6.1 Carbon arc welding -- 5.6.2 Metal arc welding -- 5.6.3 Atomic hydrogen arc welding -- 5.6.4 Inert gas metal arc welding -- 5.7 Submerged Arc Welding -- 5.8 Electron Beam Welding -- 5.9 Laser Beam Welding -- 5.10 Types of Welding Electrodes -- 5.10.1 Non-consumable electrodes -- 5.10.2 Consumable electrodes -- 5.11 Comparison between Resistance and Arc Weldings -- 5.12 Electric Welding Equipment -- 5.12.1 Electric welding power sets -- 5.12.2 Electrode holder -- 5.12.3 Welding cables -- 5.12.4 Chipping hammer and wire brush -- 5.13 Comparison between AC and DC Weldings -- Key Notes -- Short Questions and Answers -- Multiple-choice Questions -- Review Questions -- Answers -- 6 Fundamentals of Illumination -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Nature of light -- 6.2 Terms Used in Illumination -- 6.2.1 Radiant efficiency -- 6.2.2 Plane angle -- 6.2.3 Solid angle -- 6.3 Laws of Illumination -- 6.3.1 Inverse square law -- 6.3.2 Lambert's cosine law -- 6.4 Polar Curves -- 6.4.1 Rousseau's construction -- 6.5 Photometry. 6.5.1 Principle of simple photometer -- 6.5.2 Photometer heads -- 6.6 Photo Cells (for Photometric Measurements) -- 6.6.1 Photo voltaic cell -- 6.6.2 Photo emissive cell -- 6.7 Integrating Sphere -- 6.8 Sources of Light -- 6.8.1 By temperature effect -- 6.8.2 By establishing an arc between two electrodes -- 6.8.3 Discharge lamps -- Key Notes -- Short Questions and Answers -- Multiple-choice Questions -- Review Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Answers -- 7 Various Illumination Methods -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Types of Sources of Illumination -- 7.2.1 Electric arc lamps -- 7.2.2 Incandescent lamps -- 7.2.3 Gaseous discharge lamps -- 7.2.4 Fluorescent lamps -- 7.3 Arc Lamps -- 7.3.1 Carbon arc lamp -- 7.3.2 Flame arc lamp -- 7.3.3 Magnetic arc lamp -- 7.4 Incandescent Lamp -- 7.4.1 Choice of material for filament -- 7.4.2 Comparisons of carbon, osmium, tantalum, and tungsten used for making the filament -- 7.5 Discharge Lamps -- 7.5.1 Types of discharge lamps -- 7.5.2 Drawbacks -- 7.6 Neon Discharge Lamp -- 7.7 Sodium Vapor Lamp -- 7.7.1 Working -- 7.8 High-Pressure Mercury Vapor Lamp -- 7.8.1 MA type lamp -- 7.8.2 MAT type lamp -- 7.8.3 MB type lamp -- 7.9 Fluorescent Lamp (Low-pressure Mercury Vapor Lamp) -- 7.9.1 Construction -- 7.9.2 Working -- 7.9.3 Startless fluorescent lamp -- 7.9.4 Fluorescent lamp on DC supply -- 7.10 Comparison between Tungsten Filament Lamps and Fluorescent Lamps -- 7.11 Basic Principles of Light Control -- 7.11.1 Reflection -- 7.11.2 Refraction -- 7.11.3 Diffusion -- 7.11.4 Absorption -- 7.12 Types of Lighting Schemes -- 7.12.1 Direct lighting schemes -- 7.12.2 Semidirect lighting schemes -- 7.12.3 Indirect lighting schemes -- 7.12.4 Semi-indirect lighting schemes -- 7.12.5 General lighting scheme -- 7.13 Design of Lighting Schemes -- 7.13.1 Illumination level -- 7.13.2 Size of the room. 7.13.3 Mounting height and space of fittings.
Generation and Utilization of Electrical Energy is a comprehensive text designed for undergraduate courses in electrical engineering. The text introduces the reader to the generation of electrical energy and then goes on to explain how this energy can be effectively utilized for various applications like welding, electric traction, illumination, and electrolysis. The detailed explanations of practical applications make this an ideal reference book both inside and outside the classroom.
9788131752746
Electronic books.
621.3
Utilisation Of Electrical Energy. - 1 online resource (589 pages)
Cover -- Generation and Utilization of Electrical Energy -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Authors -- 1 Conventional Power Generation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Hydropower Generation -- 1.2.1 Hydrology -- 1.2.2 Stream flow, hydrographs, and flow-duration curves stream flow -- 1.2.3 Hydrographs -- 1.2.4 Mass curve -- 1.2.5 Advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric plants -- 1.2.6 Selection of site for hydroelectric plants -- 1.2.7 Water power equation -- 1.2.8 Classification of hydroelectric plants -- 1.2.9 Function of the various components in a hydroelectric generation system -- 1.2.10 Location of a hydroelectric station -- 1.2.11 Working principle of a hydroelectric plant -- 1.3 Thermal Power Stations -- 1.3.1 Principle of working of a thermal power station -- 1.3.2 Factors to be considered for locating a thermal plant -- 1.3.3 Schematic diagram of thermal power station -- 1.3.4 One-line diagram of thermal station indicating the various circuits -- 1.3.5 Types of boilers -- 1.3.6 Methods of firing boilers -- 1.3.7 Furnaces -- 1.3.8 Superheaters and reheaters -- 1.3.9 Steam turbines -- 1.3.10 Condensers -- 1.3.11 Cooling towers -- 1.3.12 Chimneys -- 1.4 Nuclear Power Generation -- 1.4.1 Working principle of a nuclear power station -- 1.4.2 Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power plants -- 1.4.3 Location of nuclear power station -- 1.4.4 Energy-mass relationship: Einstein's law -- 1.4.5 Mass defect and binding energy -- 1.4.6 Nuclear reaction -- 1.4.7 Nuclear fission -- 1.4.8 Nuclear chain reaction -- 1.4.9 Main parts of a nuclear rector and their function -- 1.4.10 Fuel materials for nuclear reactors (nuclear fuels) -- 1.4.11 Control of nuclear reactors -- 1.4.12 Classification of nuclear reactors -- 1.4.13 Commercial types of reactors -- 1.4.14 Boiling water reactor (BWR) -- 1.4.15 Gas-cooled reactor -- 1.4.16 Radiation. 1.4.17 Types of radiations -- 1.4.18 Radiation hazards -- 1.4.19 Shielding -- 1.5 Gas Power Generation -- 1.5.1 A simple gas turbine power plant -- 1.5.2 Applications of gas turbine plants -- 1.5.3 Advantages and disadvantages of gas turbine plants -- 1.6 Diesel Power Generation -- 1.6.1 Diesel engine power plant -- 1.6.2 Site selection for diesel power plants -- 1.6.3 Applications of diesel engine power plants -- 1.6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of diesel power plants -- Key Notes -- Short Questions and Answers -- Multiple-choice Questions -- Review Questions -- Answers -- 2 Non-conventional Power Generation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Generation of Electrical Power by Non-conventional Methods -- 2.3 Solar Energy -- 2.3.1 Solar energy collector -- 2.4 Point-focusing Collector -- 2.4.1 Photovoltaic cells or solar cells -- 2.4.2 Solar cell characteristics -- 2.4.3 Solar power generation -- 2.4.4 Advantages and disadvantages of solar power -- 2.4.5 Applications of solar energy -- 2.5 Wind Energy -- 2.5.1 Basic principle of wind energy conversion -- 2.5.2 Basic components of wind energy conversion plant -- 2.5.3 Types of wind mills -- 2.5.4 Site selection for wind energy conversion plant -- 2.5.5 Wind power generation -- 2.5.6 Advantages and disadvantages of wind power -- 2.5.7 Applications of wind energy -- 2.6 Tidal Power -- 2.6.1 Components of tidal power plant -- 2.6.2 Site selection of tidal power plant -- 2.6.3 Tidal power generation -- 2.6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of tidal power -- 2.7 Geothermal Power -- 2.7.1 Geothermal resources -- 2.7.2 Geothermal power generation -- 2.7.3 Advantages and disadvantages of geothermal power -- 2.7.4 Applications of geothermal energy -- 2.8 Biomass and Biogas -- 2.8.1 Biogas generation -- 2.8.2 Site selection of biogas plant -- 2.8.3 Advantages and disadvantages of biogas -- 2.9 MHD Generations. 2.9.1 MHD generation -- 2.9.2 Advantages and disadvantages of MHD power generation -- Key Notes -- Short Questions and Answers -- Multiple-choice Questions -- Review Questions -- Answers -- 3 Conservation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Load Curve -- 3.2.1 Load duration curve -- 3.2.2 Definition of terms and factors -- 3.3 Cost of Electrical Energy -- 3.3.1 Cost of generation station -- 3.3.2 Annual cost -- 3.3.3 Factors influencing the formulation of tariff -- 3.3.4 Factors to be considered in fixing up the tariff -- 3.3.5 Types of tariffs -- 3.4 Need for Electrical Energy Conservation-Methods -- 3.4.1 Energy efficient equipment -- 3.4.2 Energy management -- 3.4.3 Energy auditing -- 3.5 Power Factor Improvement -- 3.5.1 Causes of low power factor -- 3.5.2 Effects or disadvantages of low power factor -- 3.5.3 Advantages of power factor improvement -- 3.5.4 Methods of improving power factor -- 3.5.5 Most economical power factor when the kW demand is constant -- 3.5.6 Most economical power factor when the kVA maximum demand is constant -- 3.6 Concept of Distributed Generation -- 3.7 Deregulation -- 3.8 Need for Restructuring -- 3.8.1 Motivation for restructuring the power industry -- Key Notes -- Short Questions and Answers -- Multiple-choice Questions -- Review Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Answers -- 4 Electric Heating -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Advantages of Electric Heating -- 4.3 Modes of Transfer of Heat -- 4.3.1 Conduction -- 4.3.2 Convection -- 4.3.3 Radiation -- 4.4 Essential Requirements of Good Heating Element -- 4.5 Material for Heating Elements -- 4.6 Causes of Failure of Heating Elements -- 4.6.1 Formation of hotspots -- 4.6.2 Oxidation and intermittency of operation -- 4.6.3 Embrittlement causing grain growth -- 4.6.4 Contamination and corrosion -- 4.7 Design of Heating Elements -- 4.8 Methods of Electric Heating -- 4.9 Resistance Heating. 4.9.1 Direct resistance heating -- 4.9.2 Indirect resistance heating -- 4.9.3 Infrared or radiant heating -- 4.10 Temperature Control of Resistance Heating -- 4.11 Arc Heating -- 4.11.1 Electrodes used in the arc furnaces -- 4.11.2 Types of arc furnaces -- 4.11.3 Power supply and control of arc furnace -- 4.12 High-frequency Heating -- 4.13 Induction Heating -- 4.13.1 Core type furnace -- 4.13.2 Coreless type induction furnace -- 4.14 Dielectric Heating -- Key Notes -- Short Questions and Answers -- Multiple-choice Questions -- Review Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Answers -- 5 Electric Welding -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Welding -- 5.3 Electric Welding -- 5.4 Resistance Welding -- 5.4.1 Types of resistance welding -- 5.5 Choice of Welding Time -- 5.6 Electric Arc Welding -- 5.6.1 Carbon arc welding -- 5.6.2 Metal arc welding -- 5.6.3 Atomic hydrogen arc welding -- 5.6.4 Inert gas metal arc welding -- 5.7 Submerged Arc Welding -- 5.8 Electron Beam Welding -- 5.9 Laser Beam Welding -- 5.10 Types of Welding Electrodes -- 5.10.1 Non-consumable electrodes -- 5.10.2 Consumable electrodes -- 5.11 Comparison between Resistance and Arc Weldings -- 5.12 Electric Welding Equipment -- 5.12.1 Electric welding power sets -- 5.12.2 Electrode holder -- 5.12.3 Welding cables -- 5.12.4 Chipping hammer and wire brush -- 5.13 Comparison between AC and DC Weldings -- Key Notes -- Short Questions and Answers -- Multiple-choice Questions -- Review Questions -- Answers -- 6 Fundamentals of Illumination -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Nature of light -- 6.2 Terms Used in Illumination -- 6.2.1 Radiant efficiency -- 6.2.2 Plane angle -- 6.2.3 Solid angle -- 6.3 Laws of Illumination -- 6.3.1 Inverse square law -- 6.3.2 Lambert's cosine law -- 6.4 Polar Curves -- 6.4.1 Rousseau's construction -- 6.5 Photometry. 6.5.1 Principle of simple photometer -- 6.5.2 Photometer heads -- 6.6 Photo Cells (for Photometric Measurements) -- 6.6.1 Photo voltaic cell -- 6.6.2 Photo emissive cell -- 6.7 Integrating Sphere -- 6.8 Sources of Light -- 6.8.1 By temperature effect -- 6.8.2 By establishing an arc between two electrodes -- 6.8.3 Discharge lamps -- Key Notes -- Short Questions and Answers -- Multiple-choice Questions -- Review Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Answers -- 7 Various Illumination Methods -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Types of Sources of Illumination -- 7.2.1 Electric arc lamps -- 7.2.2 Incandescent lamps -- 7.2.3 Gaseous discharge lamps -- 7.2.4 Fluorescent lamps -- 7.3 Arc Lamps -- 7.3.1 Carbon arc lamp -- 7.3.2 Flame arc lamp -- 7.3.3 Magnetic arc lamp -- 7.4 Incandescent Lamp -- 7.4.1 Choice of material for filament -- 7.4.2 Comparisons of carbon, osmium, tantalum, and tungsten used for making the filament -- 7.5 Discharge Lamps -- 7.5.1 Types of discharge lamps -- 7.5.2 Drawbacks -- 7.6 Neon Discharge Lamp -- 7.7 Sodium Vapor Lamp -- 7.7.1 Working -- 7.8 High-Pressure Mercury Vapor Lamp -- 7.8.1 MA type lamp -- 7.8.2 MAT type lamp -- 7.8.3 MB type lamp -- 7.9 Fluorescent Lamp (Low-pressure Mercury Vapor Lamp) -- 7.9.1 Construction -- 7.9.2 Working -- 7.9.3 Startless fluorescent lamp -- 7.9.4 Fluorescent lamp on DC supply -- 7.10 Comparison between Tungsten Filament Lamps and Fluorescent Lamps -- 7.11 Basic Principles of Light Control -- 7.11.1 Reflection -- 7.11.2 Refraction -- 7.11.3 Diffusion -- 7.11.4 Absorption -- 7.12 Types of Lighting Schemes -- 7.12.1 Direct lighting schemes -- 7.12.2 Semidirect lighting schemes -- 7.12.3 Indirect lighting schemes -- 7.12.4 Semi-indirect lighting schemes -- 7.12.5 General lighting scheme -- 7.13 Design of Lighting Schemes -- 7.13.1 Illumination level -- 7.13.2 Size of the room. 7.13.3 Mounting height and space of fittings.
Generation and Utilization of Electrical Energy is a comprehensive text designed for undergraduate courses in electrical engineering. The text introduces the reader to the generation of electrical energy and then goes on to explain how this energy can be effectively utilized for various applications like welding, electric traction, illumination, and electrolysis. The detailed explanations of practical applications make this an ideal reference book both inside and outside the classroom.
9788131752746
Electronic books.
621.3