Cover -- CONTENTS -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- QUOTES & WORDS OF WISDOM -- 1 INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS NETWORKS -- 1.1 Evolution of Mobile Cellular Networks -- 1.1.1 First-Generation Mobile Systems -- 1.1.2 Second-Generation Mobile Systems -- 1.1.3 2.5G Mobile Systems -- 1.1.4 Third-Generation Mobile Systems -- 1.2 Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) -- 1.3 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) -- 1.4 Personal Communications Services (PCSs) -- 1.5 Wireless LANs (WLANS) -- 1.6 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) -- 1.7 IMT2000 -- 1.8 IS-95, cdmaOne and cdma2000 Evolution -- 1.9 Organization of this Book -- 2 ORIGINS OF AD HOC: PACKET RADIO NETWORKS -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Technical Challenges -- 2.3 Architecture of PRNETs -- 2.4 Components of Packet Radios -- 2.5 Routing in PRNETs -- 2.5.1 Point-to-Point Routing -- 2.5.2 Broadcast Routing -- 2.5.3 Packet Forwarding -- 2.5.4 Impact of Mobility -- 2.6 Route Calculation -- 2.6.1 Principles of Packet Forwarding -- 2.7 Pacing Techniques -- 2.8 Media Access in PRNETs -- 2.9 Flow Acknowledgments in PRNETs -- 2.10 Conclusions -- 3 AD HOC WIRELESS NETWORKS -- 3.1 What Is an Ad Hoc Network? -- 3.2 Heterogeneity in Mobile Devices -- 3.3 Wireless Sensor Networks -- 3.4 Traffic Profiles -- 3.5 Types of Ad Hoc Mobile Communications -- 3.6 Types of Mobile Host Movements -- 3.6.1 Movements by Nodes in a Route -- 3.6.2 Movements by Subnet-Bridging Nodes -- 3.6.3 Concurrent Node Movements -- 3.7 Challenges Facing Ad Hoc Mobile Networks -- 3.7.1 Spectrum Allocation and Purchase -- 3.7.2 Media Access -- 3.7.3 Routing -- 3.7.4 Multicasting -- 3.7.5 Energy Efficiency -- 3.7.6 TCP Performance -- 3.7.7 Service Location, Provision, and Access -- 3.7.8 Security & Privacy -- 3.8 Conclusions -- 4 AD HOC WIRELESS MEDIA ACCESS PROTOCOLS -- 4.1 Introduction.

4.1.1 Synchronous MAC Protocols -- 4.1.2 Asynchronous MAC Protocols -- 4.2 Problems in Ad Hoc Channel Access -- 4.2.1 Hidden Terminal Problem -- 4.2.2 Shortcomings of the RTS-CTS Solution -- 4.2.3 Exposed Node Problem -- 4.3 Receiver-Initiated MAC Protocols -- 4.4 Sender-Initiated MAC Protocols -- 4.5 Existing Ad Hoc MAC Protocols -- 4.5.1 Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (MACA) -- 4.5.2 MACA-BI (By Invitation) -- 4.5.3 Power-Aware Multi-Access Protocol with Signaling (PAMAS) -- 4.5.4 Dual Busy Tone Multiple Access (DBTMA) -- 4.6 MARCH: Media Access with Reduced Handshake -- 4.7 Conclusions -- 5 OVERVIEW OF AD HOC ROUTING PROTOCOLS -- 5.1 Table-Driven Approaches -- 5.2 Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) -- 5.3 Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP) -- 5.4 Cluster Switch Gateway Routing (CSGR) -- 5.5 Source-Initiated On-Demand Approaches -- 5.6 Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) -- 5.7 Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) -- 5.8 Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) -- 5.9 Signal Stability Routing (SSR) -- 5.10 Location-Aided Routing (LAR) -- 5.10.1 Shortcomings of LAR -- 5.11 Power-Aware Routing (PAR) -- 5.12 Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) -- 5.13 Source Tree Adaptive Routing (STAR) -- 5.14 Relative Distance Microdiversity Routing (RDMAR) -- 5.15 Conclusions -- 6 ASSOCIATIVITY-BASED LONG-LIVED ROUTING -- 6.1 A New Routing Paradigm -- 6.2 Associativity-Based Long-Lived Routing -- 6.2.1 New Routing Metrics -- 6.2.2 Route Selection Rules -- 6.3 ABR Protocol Description -- 6.3.1 Route Discovery Phase -- 6.3.2 Route Reconstruction (RRC) Phase -- 6.3.3 Alternate Routes -- 6.3.4 Route Deletion Phase -- 6.3.5 ABR Headers and Tables -- 6.3.6 ABR Protocol Summary -- 6.4 Conclusions -- 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF AD HOC MOBILE NETWORKS -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 ABR Protocol Implementation in Linux -- 7.2.1 System Components.

7.2.2 Software Layering Architecture -- 7.2.3 Implementing ABR Packet Headers and Beaconing -- 7.2.4 Implementing ABR Outflow and Inflow -- 7.2.5 Implementing ABR Routing Functions -- 7.3 Experimentation and Protocol Performance -- 7.3.1 Control Packet Overhead -- 7.3.2 Route Discovery Time -- 7.3.3 End-to-End Delay -- 7.3.4 Data Throughput -- 7.3.5 Effects of Beaconing on Battery Life -- 7.4 Important Deductions -- 7.5 Conclusions -- 8 COMMUNICATION PERFORMANCE OF AD HOC NETWORKS -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 ABR Beaconing -- 8.2 Performance Parameters of Interest -- 8.3 Route Discovery (RD) Time -- 8.3.1 Impact of Beaconing Interval on RD Time -- 8.3.2 Impact of Route Length on RD Time -- 8.4 End-to-End Delay (EED) Performance -- 8.4.1 Impact of Packet Size on EED -- 8.4.2 Impact of Beaconing Interval on EED -- 8.4.3 Impact of Route Length on EED -- 8.5 Communication Throughput Performance -- 8.5.1 Impact of Packet Size on Throughput -- 8.5.2 Impact of Beaconing Interval on Throughput -- 8.5.3 Impact of Route Length on Throughput -- 8.6 Packet Loss Performance -- 8.6.1 Impact of Packet Size on Packet Loss -- 8.6.2 Impact of Beaconing Interval on Packet Loss -- 8.6.3 Impact of Route Length on Packet Loss -- 8.7 Route Reconfiguration/Repair Time -- 8.8 TCP/IP-Based Applications -- 8.8.1 Running TELNET over Ad Hoc -- 8.8.2 Running FTP over Ad Hoc -- 8.8.3 Running HTTP over Ad Hoc -- 8.9 Conclusions -- 9 ENERGY CONSERVATION: POWER LIFE ISSUES -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Power Management -- 9.2.1 Smart Batteries and Battery Characteristics -- 9.3 Advances in Device Power Management -- 9.3.1 Advance Power Management (APM) -- 9.3.2 Advance Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) -- 9.4 Advances in Protocol Power Management -- 9.4.1 Power Conservation at the Data-Link Layer -- 9.4.2 Power Conservation at the Network Layer.

9.4.3 Power Conservation at the Transport Layer -- 9.5 Power Conservation by Mobile Applications -- 9.6 Periodic Beaconing On Battery Life -- 9.7 Standalone Beaconing -- 9.7.1 At High-Frequency (HF) Beaconing -- 9.7.2 At Low-Frequency (LF) Beaconing -- 9.7.3 Comparing HF and LF Standalone Beaconing -- 9.8 HF Beaconing with Neighboring Nodes -- 9.8.1 With One Neighor -- 9.8.2 With Two Neighbors -- 9.9 Comparison of HF Beaconing with and without Neighbors -- 9.9.1 With One Neighbor -- 9.9.2 With Two Neighbors -- 9.10 LF Beaconing with Neighboring Nodes -- 9.10.1 With One Neighbor -- 9.10.2 With Two Neighbors -- 9.11 Comparison of LF Beaconing with and without Neighbors -- 9.12 Deductions -- 9.13 Conclusions -- 10 AD HOC WIRELESS MULTICAST ROUTING -- 10.1 Multicasting in Wired Networks -- 10.1.1 IP Multicast Architecture -- 10.1.2 Multicast Tunnels and the MBone -- 10.1.3 Multicast Routing Algorithms -- 10.2 Multicast Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks -- 10.3 Existing Ad Hoc Multicast Routing Protocols -- 10.3.1 Classification -- 10.3.2 DVMRP with Wireless Extension -- 10.3.3 AODV Multicast -- 10.3.4 Multicast Mesh: CAMP -- 10.3.5 Group-Based: ODMRP -- 10.3.6 Location-Based Multicast: LBM -- 10.4 ABAM: Associativity-Based Ad Hoc Multicast -- 10.4.1 Multicast Tree Formation -- 10.4.2 Handling Host Membership Dynamics (Join/Leave) -- 10.4.3 Dynamics Associated with Node Mobility -- 10.4.4 Deletion of Multicast Tree -- 10.4.5 ABAM Tree Reconfiguration -- 10.4.6 Complexity of ABAM -- 10.5 Comparisons of Multicast Routing Protocols -- 10.5.1 Protocol Differences -- 10.5.2 Operation and Performance Differences -- 10.5.3 Comparing Protocol Overhead -- 10.5.4 Time and Communication Complexity -- 10.6 Conclusions -- 11 TCP OVER AD HOC -- 11.1 Introduction to TCP -- 11.1.1 TCP Flow Control -- 11.1.2 TCP Congestion Control -- 11.1.3 Some Issues with TCP.

11.2 Versions of TCP -- 11.2.1 TCP Reno -- 11.2.2 TCP Tahoe -- 11.2.3 TCP Vegas -- 11.2.4 TCP SACK -- 11.3 Problems Facing TCP in Wireless Last-Hop -- 11.3.1 Indirect TCP -- 11.3.2 TCP Snoop -- 11.4 Problems Facing TCP in Wireless Ad Hoc -- 11.5 Approaches to TCP over Ad Hoc -- 11.5.1 TCP Feedback (TCP-F) -- 11.5.2 TCP-BuS -- 11.6 Conclusion -- 12 INTERNET & AD HOC SERVICE DISCOVERY -- 12.1 Resource Discovery in the Internet -- 12.2 Service Location Protocol (SLP) Architecture -- 12.2.1 User Agent -- 12.2.2 Directory Agent -- 12.2.3 Service Agent -- 12.3 SLPv2 Packet Format -- 12.4 Jini -- 12.5 Salutation Protocol -- 12.6 Simple Service Discovery Protocol (SSDP) -- 12.7 Service Discovery for Ad Hoc -- 12.7.1 Limitations of Existing Schemes -- 12.8 Ad Hoc Service Location Architectures -- 12.8.1 Service Co-Ordinator Based Architecture -- 12.8.2 Distributed Query-Based Architecture -- 12.8.3 Hybrid Service Location Architecture -- 12.9 Conclusions -- 13 BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY -- 13.1 Bluetooth Specifications -- 13.2 Bluetooth Architectures -- 13.2.1 Bluetooth Piconet -- 13.2.2 Bluetooth Scatternet -- 13.3 Bluetooth Protocols -- 13.4 Bluetooth Service Discovery -- 13.5 Bluetooth MAC -- 13.6 Bluetooth Packet Structure -- 13.7 Bluetooth Audio -- 13.8 Bluetooth Addressing -- 13.9 Bluetooth Limitations -- 13.10 Bluetooth Implementation -- 13.11 Conclusions -- 14 WIRELESS APPLICATION PROTOCOL (WAP) -- 14.1 The WAP Forum -- 14.2 The WAP Service Model -- 14.3 The WAP Protocol Architecture -- 14.4 The WWW Programming Model -- 14.5 The WAP Programming Model -- 14.6 Conclusions -- 15 AD HOC NOMADIC MOBILE APPLICATIONS -- 15.1 In the Office -- 15.2 While Traveling -- 15.3 Arriving Home -- 15.4 In the Car -- 15.5 Shopping Malls -- 15.6 The Modern Battlefield -- 15.7 Car-to-Car Mobile Communications -- 15.8 Mobile Collaborative Applications.

15.9 Location/Context Based Mobile Services.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.