Cover -- Electric power Transmission And distribution -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgement -- Transmission And Distribution: An Introduction -- Overview -- Various Levels of Power Transmissiona -- Conventional Sources of Electrical Energy -- Hydro Power Stations -- Thermal Power Stations -- Nuclear Power Stations -- Diesel Power Stations -- Load Forecasting -- Purpose of Load Forecasting -- Classification of Load Forecasting -- Forecasting Procedure -- Load Characteristics -- Load Modelling -- Characteristics of Load Models -- Star-Connected Loads -- Constant Power Model -- Constant Current Model -- Constant Impedance Model -- Deregulation -- Need for Restructuring -- Motivation for Restructuring the Power Industry -- Distribution Automation -- Transmission-Line Parameters -- Introduction -- Conductor Materials -- Types of Conductors -- Bundled Conductors -- Resistance -- Current Distortion Effect -- Skin Effect -- Proximity Effect -- Spirality Effect -- Inductance -- Inductance of a Conductor due to Internal Flux -- Inductance of a Conductor due to External Flux -- Inductance of a Single-Phase Two-Wire System -- Flux linkages with one sub-conductor of a composite Conductor -- Inductance of a single-phase system (with composite Conductors) -- Inductance of Three-Phase Lines -- Equivalent (Symmetrical) Spacing -- Unsymmetrical Spacing (Untransposed -- Transposition of Overhead Lines -- Unsymmetrical Spacing (Transposed) -- Inductance of Three-Phase Double Circuit Line -- Inductance of Three-phase Double-Circuit Line with Symmetrical Spacing (Hexagonal) -- Inductance of a Three-phase Transposed Double-Circuit Line with Unsymmetrical Spacing -- Capacitance -- Potential Difference Between Two Points Due to a Charge -- Capacitance of a Single-Phase Line (Two-Wire Line).

Potential difference between two conductors of a group of charged conductors -- Capacitance of Three-Phase Lines -- Equilateral Spacing -- Capacitance of an Unsymmetrical Three-phase System (Transposed) -- Capacitance of a Three-Phase Double-Circuit Line -- Hexagonal Spacing -- Flat Vertical Spacing (Unsymmetrical Spacing) -- Effect of Earth on Transmission Line Capacitance -- Capacitance of a Single Conductor -- Capacitance of a Single-phase Transmission Line -- Capacitance of Three-phase Line -- Performance of short and medium Transmission lines -- Introduction -- Representation of Lines -- Classification of Transmission Lines -- Short Transmission Line -- Effect of Power Factor on Regulation and Efficiency -- Generalised Network Constants -- A, B, C, D Constants For Short Transmission Lines -- Medium Transmission Line -- Load End Capacitance Method -- Nominal-T Method -- Nominal-(Ss(B Method -- Performance of Long Transmission Lines -- Introduction -- Rigorous Solution -- Interpretation of The Long Line Equations -- Propagation Constant -- Wave Length and Velocity of Propagation -- Evaluation of Transmission Line Constants -- Regulation -- Equivalent Circuit Representation of Long Lines -- Representation of a Long Line by Equivalent- (Ss(B Model -- Representation of a Long Line by Equivalent-T Model -- Tuned Transmission Lines -- Characteristic Impedance -- Surge Impedance Loading -- Ferranti Effect -- Constant Voltage Transmission -- Charging Current in Lines -- Power Loss Due to Charging Current (or Open-Circuited Line) -- Line Loadability -- Power Flow Through a Transmission Line -- Circle Diagram -- Receiving-end Phasor Diagram -- Receiving-end Power Circle Diagram -- Analytical Method for Receiving-end Power Circle Diagram -- Sending-end Power Circle Diagram -- Analytical Method for Sending-end Power Circle Diagram -- Transmission Line Transients.

Introduction -- Types of System Transients -- Travelling Waves on a Transmission Line -- The Wave Equation -- Evaluation of Surge Impedance -- Importance of Surge Impedance -- Travelling Wave -- Evaluation of Velocity of Wave Propagation -- Reflection and refraction coefficient (line terminated Through a resistance) -- Line Open-Circuited at the Receiving End -- Line Short-Circuited at the Receiving End -- Line Connected to a Cable -- Reflection and Refraction at a T-Junction -- Reactance Termination -- Line Terminated Through Capacitance -- Line Terminated Through Inductance -- Bewley's Lattice Diagram -- Corona -- Introduction -- Theory Of Corona Formation (Corona Discharge -- Electric Stress -- Critical Disruptive Voltage -- Visual Critical Voltage -- Power Loss Due to Corona -- Factors Affecting Corona Loss -- Electrical Factors -- Atmospheric Factors -- Factors Related to the Conductors -- Methods For Reducing Corona Loss -- Advantages and Disadvantages of Corona -- Effect of Corona on Line Design -- Radio Interference -- Audio Noise -- Interference With Communication Lines -- Electromagnetic Effect -- Electrostatic Effect -- Corona Phenomena in HVDC Lines -- Mechanical Design of Transmission Line -- Introduction -- Factors Affecting Mechanical Design -- Line Supports -- Wooden Poles -- Tubular Steel Poles -- RCC Poles -- Latticed Steel Towers -- Sag -- Calculation of Sag at Equal Supports -- Effect of Ice Covering and Wind Pressure -- Safety Factor -- Calculation of Sag at Different Level Supports -- Stringing Chart -- Effects and prevention of vibrations (vibrations And dampers) -- Sag Template -- Conductor Spacing and Ground Clearance -- Overhead Line Insulators -- Introduction -- Insulator Materials -- Types of Insulators -- Pin Type Insulators -- Suspension Type Insulator -- Strain Insulator -- Shackle Type Insulator.

Potential Distribution Over a String of Suspension Insulators -- Mathematical Expression for Voltage Distribution -- String Efficiency -- Methods Of Improving String Efficiency -- Selection of m -- Grading of Units -- Guard Ring or Static Shielding -- Arcing Horn -- Testing of Insulators -- Flashover Tests -- Performance Test -- Routine Tests -- Causes of Failure of Insulators -- Underground Cables -- Introduction -- General Construction of a Cable -- Types of Cables -- Low Tension Cables -- High Tension Cables -- Super Tension Cables -- Extra High Tension Cables -- Advantages and disadvantages of underground cables over Overhead lines -- Properties of Insulating Materials For Cables -- Insulating Materials -- Insulation Resistance of Cables -- Capacitance of a Single-Core Cable -- Dielectric Stress in a Cable -- Economical Core Diameter -- Grading of Cables -- Capacitance Grading -- Intersheath Grading -- Practical Aspects of Cable Grading -- Power Factor in Cables (Dielectric Power Factor) -- Capacitance of a Three-Core Cable -- Measurement Of Cc And Cs -- Heating of Cables -- Generation of Heat Within the Cables -- Thermal Characteristics -- Current Capacity -- Testing of Cables -- Acceptance Tests at Works -- Sample Tests at Working -- Performance Tests -- Tests on Oil-Filled and Gas-Filled Cables -- Tests When Installed -- Tests on Pressurized Cables -- Laying of Cables -- Direct System -- Draw-in System -- Solid Systems -- Cable Faults -- Determination of maximum current carrying capacity of cables -- Power Factor Improvement -- Introduction -- Power Factor -- Causes of Low Power Factor -- Effects or Disadvantages of Low Power Factor -- Advantages of Power Factor Improvement -- Methods of Improving Power Factor -- Static Capacitor -- Synchronous Condenser -- Phase Advancers -- Most economical power factor when the kilowatt Demand is constant.

most economical power factor when the kva maximum demand is constant -- Voltage Control -- Introduction -- Necessity of Voltage Control -- Generation and Absorption of Reactive Power -- Location of Voltage Control Equipment -- Methods of Voltage Control -- Excitation Control -- Shunt Capacitors and Reactors -- Series Capacitors -- Tap Changing Transformers -- Booster Transformers -- Synchronous Condensers -- Rating of Synchronous Phase Modifier -- Electric Power Supply Systems -- Introduction -- Comparison of Conductor Efficiencies For Various Systems -- Overhead Lines -- Cable Systems -- Choice of System Frequency -- Choice of System Voltage -- Advantages of High-Voltage Transmission -- Effect of Supply Voltage -- Economic Size of Conductor (Kelvin's Law) -- Modification of Kelvin's Law -- Practical Limitations to the Application of Kelvin's Law -- Substations -- Introduction -- Factors Governing The Selection of Site -- Classification of Substation -- According to Service -- According to Design -- Merits and Demerits of Indoor and Outdoor Substations -- Substation Equipment -- Types of Bus Bar Arrangements -- Single Bus Bar -- Single-Bus Bar System with Sectionalization -- Double Bus Bar with Single Breaker -- Double Bus Bar with Two Circuit Breakers -- Breakers and a Half with Two Main Buses -- Main and Transfer Bus Bar -- Double Bus Bar with Bypass Isolator -- Ring Bus -- Pole and Plinth-Mounted Transformer Substations -- Optimal Substation Location -- Perpendicular Bisector Rule -- Basic Terms of Earthing -- Grounding or Neutral Earthing -- Earthing of Substations -- Methods of Neutral Grounding -- Solid Grounding or Effective Grounding -- Resistance Grounding -- Reactance Grounding -- Peterson-coil Grounding -- Grounding Transformer -- Grounding Grid -- Distribution Systems -- Introduction -- Primary and Secondary Distribution.

Primary Distribution.

Electric Power Transmission and Distribution is a comprehensive text, designed for undergraduate courses in power systems and transmission and distribution. A part of the electrical engineering curriculum, this book is designed to meet the requirements of students taking elementary courses in electric power transmission and distribution. Written in a simple, easy-to-understand manner, this book introduces the reader to electrical, mechanical and economic aspects of the design and construction of electric power transmission and distribution systems.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.